LIC/LZC/niobium-based/tantalum-based Halide Solid Electrolytes For All-solid-state Battery Materials Research And Experiments

Material Overview​​

LIC (Li₃InCl₆), LZC (Li₂ZrCl₆), and Nb/Ta-based halide solid electrolytes represent cutting-edge solutions for next-generation all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs). These materials combine high ionic conductivity (>1 mS/cm), exceptional oxidation stability (>4 V vs. Li⁺/Li), and cost-effective processing, making them ideal for high-voltage cathode compatibility and lithium metal anode integration.

Key Material Systems​​

1. ​​LIC (Li₃InCl₆)​​

   • ​​Conductivity​​: 1.2–2.5 mS/cm at 25°C
   • ​​Stability​​: Stable with NCM811 cathodes (4.3 V)
   • ​​Handling​​: Moisture-sensitive; requires glovebox processing

2. ​​LZC (Li₂ZrCl₆)​​

   • ​​Conductivity​​: 0.4–1.67 mS/cm (doping-dependent)
   • ​​Cost​​: <$11.6/kg (lowest among halides)
   • ​​Air Stability​​: Tolerates 5% humidity

3. ​​Nb/Ta-Based Halides​​

   • ​​Formula​​: Li₂₊ₓZr₁₋ₓMₓCl₆ (M = Nb, Ta; x ≤ 0.2)
   • ​​Conductivity​​: Up to 3.07 mS/cm (Ta/Nb co-doping)
   • ​​Voltage Stability​​: >4.6 V with LNMO cathodes

Performance Highlights​​

Research Applications​​

• ​​Interface Engineering​​: Compatible with LiCoO₂, NCM811, and LNMO cathodes.
• ​​Mechanical Properties​​: Soft enough for cold pressing (300MPa) to achieve 94% theoretical density.
• ​​Doping Strategies​​:
  • ​​LZC​​: Dy³⁺/Ta⁵⁺ co-doping boosts conductivity to 1.67 mS/cm.
  • ​​LIC​​: Zr⁴⁺ substitution enhances moisture resistance.

Handling Guidelines​​

1. ​​Storage​​: Argon-filled glovebox (O₂/H₂O <0.1 ppm) for LIC; dry air (<30% RH) for LZC.
2. ​​Processing​​: Ball-mill for 10h (Zr-based) or sol-gel synthesis for Ta/Nb systems.
3. ​​Safety​​: Decomposes in humid air (H₂S/HCl risk); use fume hoods for large-scale prep.

Note: Custom formulations (e.g., Li₂.₄Zr₀.₈Ta₀.₂Cl₆) available for high-voltage ASSB research.

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